Test Design Techniques​

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Test Design Techniques​


 ● Equivalence Class Partitioning
● Boundary Value Analysis BVA
● Error guessing

 Software testing Techniques help to design better cases. Since exhaustive testing is not possible; Testing Techniques help reduce the number of test cases to be executed while increasing test coverage. They help identify test conditions that are otherwise difficult to recognize.

 Equivalence Class Partitioning​ :​ 
Equivalent Class Partitioning allows dividing a set of test conditions into a partition which should be considered the same. This software testing method divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases should be designed.
The concept behind this technique is that the test case of a representative value of each class is equal to a test of any other value of the same class. It allows us to Identify valid as well as invalid equivalence classes.
Example: 
We have to test the ATM machine for withdrawal transactions. The person can withdraw the money minimum of 500 and a maximum of 20000. In this case, you could check 100, 200, 300 up to 20000, but here the testing activity eating the time.
Solution​ :  Input range is 500 to 20000
In this scenario, we could not test every data. Like 500, 600, 700 up to 20000. It is not possible so we can use equivalence partitioning.
We can divide as subgroups like {500 -1000} {1100 – 2000} {2100 – 3000} . . {19100 – 20000} From each we can pick any test data randomly and use it for testing. In the first set, you can pick 500, 2nd set as 1500, 3rd set as 3000 and so on.
Boundary Value Analysis BVA ​: ​
Boundary value analysis is based on testing at the boundaries between partitions. It includes maximum, minimum, inside or outside boundaries, typical values and error values.
It is generally seen that a large number of errors occur at the boundaries of the defined input values rather than the center. It is also known as BVA and gives a selection of test cases that exercise bounding values.
This test case design technique complements equivalence partitioning. This software testing technique base on the principle that, if a system works well for these particular values then it will work perfectly well for all values which come between the two boundary values.
Example: 
Input condition is valid between 1 to 10
Boundary values 0,1,2 and 9,10,11
Error guessing ​: ​
Error guessing is a software testing technique that is based on guessing the error which can prevail in the code. It is an experience-based technique where the test analyst uses his/her or experience to guess the problematic part of the testing application.
The technique counts a list of possible errors or error-prone situations. Then tester writes a test case to expose those errors. To design test cases based on this software testing technique, the analyst can use past experiences to identify the conditions.

 Error guessing technique requires skilled and experienced tester. Following factors can be used to guess the errors: 
● Lessons learned from past releases
● Historical learning
● Previous defects
● Production tickets
● Review checklist
● Application UI
● Previous test results
● Risk reports of the application
● Variety of data used for testing. 

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